![]() ![]() Wiley is a global provider of content and content-enabled workflow solutions in areas of scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly research professional development and education. Evaluation of additional strategies are needed because both methods failed to achieve herd immunity necessary to disrupt rabies transmission in raccoons. The average overall increase in seroprevalence following ORV application was 8.9%. Seroprevalence did not change as a function of baiting strategy (helicopter vs. Overall, helicopter cluster ORV delivered more baits/km² of raccoon home range than hand distribution but was less effective in reaching core areas. All home ranges were baited in both treatment areas, whereas 10/18 and 13/14 core areas were baited in the helicopter and hand distribution sites, respectively. Average bait application for core areas was 104.7 baits/km² for helicopter baiting and 69.2 baits/km² for hand baiting sites. Average bait application for home ranges (n = 32 home ranges that received bait) was 80.9 baits/km² for helicopter baiting and 63.6 baits/km² for hand baiting sites. Overall raccoon home range and core area estimates were 80.7 ha and 17.5 ha, respectively (n = 36). We trapped and sampled ≤25 raccoons in each study cell pre- and post-ORV application for rVNA analysis. We established 6 1-km² cells in each treatment area, and fitted ≤2 raccoons with global positioning system collars in each cell. We applied baits at 75 baits/km² under both strategies. We estimated the number of ORV baits/km² of raccoon home range and calculated rVNA seroprevalence following 2 ORV baiting strategies: cluster baiting (≤10 baits dropped at a time) via helicopter and hand distribution of individual baits at regular intervals along roads and trails in suburban Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA, during fall 20. However, questions remain regarding the effect of the bait application strategy towards achieving optimal population immunity. A longitudinal ORV zone is maintained in the eastern United States with raccoon variant rabies established east of the zone but absent to the west. Seroprevalence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (rVNA) in raccoons (Procyon lotor) following oral rabies vaccination (ORV) with RABORAL V-RG® in the United States has annually averaged 30% since 1997, a level that is unlikely to successfully interrupt rabies transmission in raccoon populations. ![]()
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